Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación es mostrar las relaciones entre el uso de Dispositivos y Aplicaciones Móviles para la Conducción (DAMC) con la accidentalidad vial auto reportada, la ira, la salud física y el bienestar subjetivo, en tres tipos de conductores colombianos. La muestra es no aleatoria (n = 1149) y el 93.2% son conductores varones. Los resultados muestran que (a) en conductores profesionales, hay una correlación inversa entre el uso de DAMC con una menor fre-cuencia de conducción entre semana y con un mayor nivel educativo, (b) en conductores ocasionales, mayor uso de GPS asociado con accidentes fatales y con menor frecuencia de conducción entre semana, (C) en conductores particulares, mayor uso de DAMC relacionado con niveles más altos de agresividad y de dificultad percibida para conducir, y con más problemas de salud -principalmente hipertensión y diabetes. Es necesario realizar investigaciones en profundidad acerca de los usos de DAMC, salud y estilos de conducción, mediante el control de la deseabilidad social.

Abstract The aim of this investigation is to show the relationships between the use of Mobile Driving Applications and Devices (MDAD) with self-reported road accidents, anger, physical health, and subjective wellbeing, in three types of Colombian drivers. The sample is non-randomized (n = 1149) and 93.2% are male drivers. Results showed that (a) for professional drivers, there is an inverse correlation between the use of MDAD with lower driving frequency during weekdays and a higher educational level, (b) for occasional drivers, GPS use was directly associated with fatal road accidents and low driving frequency during weekdays, (C) for private drivers, correlations were found between MDAD broader usage, higher levels of both aggression and perceived driving difficulty as well as physical health problems mainly hypertension and diabetes. It is necessary to conduct in-depth research on MDAD uses, health, and driving styles, by controlling social desirability.

ABSTRACT: The behavior of the Argentine shortfin squid (Illex argentinus) in reaction to a trawl net is reported from images obtained during one fishing tow operated by a commercial trawler in May 2015 in slope grounds off southern Brazil (depth 370-361 m; 33°37’S, 50°49’W). Video analysis utilized criteria to classify the horizontal and vertical distribution of squid in the field of view of the camera, posture (pitch and yaw), squid color patterns, escape reaction, swimming time and use of the tail fin. The monitored bottom trawl operation intercepted dense and patchily distributed schools of I. argentinus that could be observed for brief periods of time swimming ahead of the mouth of the trawl. Individuals were evenly distributed in the water column but concentrated on the center and right sectors of the trawl mouth. Most squids in the path of a trawl tended to swim by jet-propulsion for 10-20 s, tail-first and with regularly spaced fin flaps. Estimated speed (1.24 m s-1) was higher than cruise speed recorded for other ommastrephid squids in nature (0.3 m s-1), possibly reflecting an emergency escape reaction. After a period of sustained swimming ahead of the trawl, squid reacted in different ways including: a) slowing down and swimming into the net tunnel, b) shifting directions to escape through the trawl mouth sides, and c) swimming up, trying to escape over the top trawl panel, sometimes turning around pointing the tail towards the trawl mouth.

Resumo A encefalopatia hipóxico-isquêmica é a principal complicação da asfixia perinatal, com alta morbidade, mortalidade e incidência de sequelas neurológicas, como a paralisia cerebral, principalmente em países pobres e/ou em desenvolvimento. Nessas regiões, as dificuldades no diagnóstico e no manejo desses recém-nascidos é surpreendente, o que resulta em dados pouco confiáveis e em péssimos desfechos tanto no que se refere à mortalidade como à incidência de sequelas neurológicas. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar um novo escore para o diagnóstico clínico ser iniciado na sala de parto e uma abordagem terapêutica com o intuito de melhorar esses resultados.

Summary Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy is a major complication of perinatal asphyxia, with high morbidity, mortality and neurologic sequelae as cerebral palsy, mostly in poor or developing countries. The difficulty in the diagnosis and management of newborns in these countries is astonishing, thus resulting in unreliable data on this pathology and bad outcomes regarding mortality and incidence of neurologic sequelae. The objective of this article is to present a new clinical diagnostic score to be started in the delivery room and to guide the therapeutic approach, in order to improve these results.

Since the early 2000s, codling, hake and blackfin goosefish became main components in the landings of double-rig and stern trawlers fishing in the slope off the south and southeast coasts of Brazil. Because these stocks are known to be little resilient, the heterogeneous and unpredictable fishing regime has been regarded as biologically and ecologically unsafe. In this article, we examine the fishing strategies developed by the Brazilian trawl fleet when fishing deep water fish between 2007 and 2009. Slope fish resources were primarily exploited under four fishing tactics. On Tactic 1 landings comprised mainly hake and blackfin goosefish, with trawlers concentrating their fishing effort on the fishing grounds located in the upper slope (300350 m depth) in central and northern areas. Two other strategies (Tactics 3 and 4) were similar to each other, with trawlers occupying fishing grounds on the upper slope (350 m) along the whole area. Catches were dominated by codling, representing at least 50% of the fish landed. A fourth strategy (Tactic 2) concentrated in shallow fishing grounds (100 m) along the whole coast, reported only small landings of deep water species (less than 20%). We characterized five different fleets based on the number of fishing trips that vessels dedicated to each strategy. During the study period, 34-37 vessels have undertaken fishing trips primarily in slope fishing grounds, however a few vessels (10-14) also fished for coastal species (Tactic 2). From 11 to 22 vessels fished regularly as coastal trawlers, operating opportunistically on slope grounds. Management of the deep water trawl fishery should take into consideration the number of trawlers specialized in targeting deep-water resources and the behaviour of opportunistic trawlers occasionally fishing in the slope.

Desde comienzos de los años 2000, la brótola, la merluza y el rape pescador se convirtieron en los principales componentes de los desembarques de las flotas de arrastre doble y de arrastre por popa, que operó en el talud de la costa sur y sureste de Brasil. Debido a que estos stocks son conocidamente poco resilientes, el heterogéneo e impredecible régimen de pesca ha sido considerado como biológico y ecológicamente poco seguro. En este artículo, examinamos las estrategias de pesca desarrolladas por la flota de arrastre brasilera en la extracción de peces de aguas profundas entre 2007 y 2009. Los peces de aguas profundas fueron principalmente explotados mediante cuatro estrategias de pesca. En la Táctica 1, los desembarques incluyeron principalmente merluza y rape pescador, con los arrastreros concentrando su esfuerzo en las zonas de pesca localizadas en el talud superior (300-350 m) de las áreas central y norte. En otras dos estrategias (Tácticas 3 y 4), similares entre sí, operaron arrastreros en toda el área de las zonas de pesca localizadas en el talud superior (350 m). Las capturas fueron predominantemente brótola, que representó al menos el 50% del desembarque. Una cuarta estrategia (Táctica 2), que se concentró en zonas de pesca poco profundas (100 m) a lo largo de toda la costa, reportó solo bajos desembarques de especies de aguas profundas (<20%). Se caracterizaron cinco flotas diferentes, basados en el número de viajes de pesca que los buques realizaron bajo cada estrategia. Durante el periodo de estudio, 34-37 buques realizaron viajes de pesca mayoritariamente en zonas localizadas en el talud, sin embargo, unos pocos buques (10-14) también pescaron especies costeras (Táctica 2). Entre 11 y 22 buques pescaron de manera regular como arrastreros costeros y de aguas profundas, operando de manera oportunista en el talud. El manejo de la pesca de arrastre de aguas profundas debiera tomar en consideración el tamaño de la flota compuesta por arrastreros especializados en recursos de aguas profundas y en el comportamiento de aquellos que ocasionalmente pescan en el talud.

Slope trawl fisheries of the southeastern and southern region off Brazil operate at 250-500 m depths, being basically sustained by three target-species: hake (Merluccius hubbsi), codling (Urophycis mystacea) and monkfish (Lophius gastrophysus), together with other high-priced species landed as incidental captures. These and all other species landed by the slope trawl fleet were sampled from commercial catches, differentiating between shelf/shelf-break species and slope species. Each species was characterized by ex-vessel price, carcass yield and chemical composition: water content and protein content as percentage of wet and dry mass. The differences found in the chemical composition of the slope species, relative to the shallower group, seemed to reflect adaptations for particular environmental factors; most likely low light levels in deeper areas. Their muscles were richer in water and lower in protein and lipids. Ex-vessel prices correlated better with these characteristics than with the edible fraction, revealing that slope fishes exploited off Brazil are appreciated more by their organoleptic characteristics, given by the chemical composition, than by the per-unit profit of the species.

Las pesquerías de arrastre de talud de la región sudeste y sur de Brasil operan principalmente entre 250-500 m de profundidad, siendo básicamente sostenidas por sus especies objetivo: merluza (Merluccius hubbsi), brótola de profundidad (Urophycis mystacea) y rape (Lophius gastrophysus), junto con otras especies de elevado valor comercial desembarcadas como capturas incidentales. Éstas y todas las demás especies desembarcadas por la flota de arrastre de talud, fueron muestreadas a partir de las capturas comerciales, diferenciando entre especies de plataforma/borde de plataforma y especies de talud. Para cada especie se determinó el precio de primera venta, el rendimiento del cuerpo y la composición química: contenido en agua y contenido proteico como porcentaje de materia húmeda y seca. Las diferencias encontradas en la composición proximal de las especies de talud, en relación al grupo de menor profundidad, parecen reflejar adaptaciones a factores ambientales particulares; principalmente por la menor luminosidad en aguas más profundas. La musculatura fue más rica en agua y más pobre en proteínas y lípidos. Los precios de primera comercialización se correlacionaron con dichas características más que con la fracción comestible, revelando que las especies de talud explotadas en aguas brasileñas son más valoradas por sus características organolépticas, dadas por la composición química, que por su aprovechamiento individual.

Estimating the total biomass of fish stocks available for fishing at any one time can highly improve the process of deciding upon sustainable fishing management measures. However, countries where fishing resources are not abundant or valuable can hardly justify a regular investment in costly direct stock assessment programs. One way of overcoming such difficulties is to use catch rate data recorded from monitored commercial fishing operations, usually made available through the implementation of less expensive Observers programs. However, this data is prone to overestimate biomass of targeted stocks, because fishermen tend to operate in high-density areas. This study addresses this issue by exploring the use of geostatistical models to estimate biomass of three slope fish stocks of the Brazilian EEZ: codling (Urophycis mystacea), hake (Merluccius hubbsi) and monkfish (Lophius gastrophysus). The analysis included 25,824 commercial trawls conducted off Brazil between 2000 and 2009. Global biomass tonnage estimations were: codling 16,402 ton in 2001 and 23,816 ton in 2002; hake 267,712 ton in 2001 and 233,107 ton in 2002; monkfish 51,947 ton in 2001 and 16,998 ton in 2002. Values exceeded those obtained by scientific surveys conducted in the same period and area, but an in-depth analysis of methods employed demonstrated that such overestimation was only significant in the case of hake, the main target of the trawl fleet during the study period. The study showed that geostatistical models are most effective in reducing bias introduced by fishermen behavior when some catches away from high density areas are available. Those tend to be rare in the case of major target-species.

Estimar la biomasa total de stocks pesqueros viene siendo una premisa cada vez más importante para mejorar las medidas de manejo pesquero. Sin embargo, en países donde estos stocks son menos abundantes o menos rentables es difícil justificar continuas inversiones en programas científicos para evaluar su biomasa. Una alternativa es el uso de datos colectados a bordo de embarcaciones comerciales por medio de programas de observadores, que son relativamente menos costosos. No obstante, estos datos tienden a reflejar el direccionamiento de la flota sobre regiones con altas densidades del recurso objetivo, resultando en sobreestimaciones de la biomasa de estos recursos. El presente estudio aborda este problema explorando la implementación de modelos geoestadísticos para estimar la biomasa de tres stocks demersales de talud: brótola (Urophycis mystacea), merluza (Merluccius hubbsi) y rape (Lophius gastrophysus). Los datos procedieron de 25.824 lances de arrastre realizados en el sureste y sur de Brasil entre los años 2000 y 2009. Las estimaciones globales para las tres especies fueron: brótola 16.402 ton en 2001 y 23.816 ton en 2002; merluza 267.712 ton en 2001 y 233.107 ton en 2002; rape 51.947 ton en 2001 y 16.998 ton en 2002. Estos valores excedieron aquellos obtenidos por campañas científicas realizadas en la misma época y área, aunque un análisis de los métodos utilizados demostró que esa sobrestimación fue únicamente significativa en el caso de la merluza, el principal recurso objetivo de la flota durante el período de estudio. Los resultados demostraron que modelos geoestadísticos son más efectivos en la reducción del sesgo introducido por el direccionamiento pesquero cuando se dispone de un cierto número capturas obtenidas fuera de las áreas de alta densidad. Estas son raras en el caso de las especies objetivo.

This study established the spatial footprint of the industrial trawl fishing fleet operating off southeastern and southern Brazil between 2003 and 2011. It also provides estimates of the area swept by this fleet and the correspondent Utilization Index (swept area/available area) as measures of impact over the benthic ecosystem. Lastly, costs/benefits of trawling were addressed by the cumulative biomass landed during the study period expressed as a proportion of the cumulative swept area (Biomass-Swept Area Index). These variables were mapped and their patterns of spatial-temporal variability were associated with fishing strategies (shrimp trawling, slope trawling and pair trawling), latitudinal strata, depth strata, and substrate types. The trawl fishery footprint during the study period comprised 502,190 km². The total area swept by trawling operations was 680,697.5 km², 1.4 times the available area. Trawling impacts on the substrate were primarily produced by the dominant shrimp trawling strategy. In comparison with other strategies, these vessels used the most extensive shelf area, and disturbed more sand/mud habitat surface to obtain less landed biomass. Delimiting the trawl fishery footprint off southeastern and southern Brazil and its main core areas comprised a first step towards in evaluating impact on such areas, providing preliminary information for future ecosystem-based fisheries management and marine spatial planning strategies.

Este estudio estableció la huella espacial de la flota de pesca de arrastre industrial que opera en el sureste y sur de Brasil entre 2003 y 2011. También proporciona estimaciones del "área de barrido" de esta flota y su correspondiente Índice de Utilización (área barrida/área disponible) como medidas de impacto sobre el ecosistema bentónico. Los costos/beneficios de la pesca de arrastre fueron estimados por la biomasa acumulada desembarcada durante el período de estudio expresada como una proporción del área barrida acumulada (Biomasa-Índice de Área Barrida). Estas variables fueron asignadas y sus patrones de variabilidad espacio-temporal se asociaron con las estrategias de pesca (pesca de arrastre de camarón, pesca de arrastre en el talud y de arrastre en pareja), intervalos de latitud, estratos de profundidad y tipos de sustrato. La huella de la pesquería de arrastre durante el período de estudio comprendió 502.190 km². El área total barrida por las operaciones de pesca de arrastre fue de 680.697,5 km², 1,4 veces la superficie disponible. Los impactos de la pesca de arrastre en el sustrato se produjeron principalmente por la estrategia de la pesca de arrastre de camarón. En comparación con otras estrategias, estas embarcaciones utilizaron una extensa área de la plataforma continental, por lo que perturban mayor superficie del hábitat de arena/fango, pero a la vez obtienen menor cantidad de biomasa desembarcada La delimitación de la "huella" de la pesca industrial de arrastre en el sureste y sur de Brasil y sus áreas "centrales" corresponde a una primera etapa para evaluar el impacto en esas zonas y proporcionar información preliminar para futuras acciones de gestión del ecosistema pesquero y de estrategias de ordenamiento de territorio marino.

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the reliability of cone beam computed tomography to locate and take measurements of the mandibular canal, as well as the vestibular bone wall, in the planning of the bone graft surgery in the mandibular body. Material and methods: A total of 11 mandibles from fresh cadavers were studied (22 hemi-mandibles, half of them with teeth). A CBTC and a surgical procedure for the lateralization of the lower dental nerve were performed with the aim of measuring the thickness of the vestibular table and the mandibular canal (MC) or lower dental nerve at 5, 15, and 25 mm from the most posterior position of the mentonian hole. Results: The results obtained in the study indicate that CBTC, being the best diagnostic tool currently available, still appears to be unreliable when compared to actual resultshas. This discrepancy is a mean of 1.15 mm as regards the thickness of the vestibular bone wall that covers the MC, and a mean of 0.3 mm in relation to the thickness of the lower dental nerve. Discussion: It is important to know and assess these discrepancies in view of the multitude of surgical procedures that can be performed in this area, and in the vicinity of the lower dental nerve.

Objetivo: El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue determinar la fiabilidad del estudio tomográfico para localizar el conducto mandibular y tomar mediciones exactas del diámetro de dicho conducto y de la pared ósea vestibular, como mediciones principales en la planificación de la toma de injerto óseo de cuerpo mandibular. Material y método: Se estudiaron 11 mandíbulas (22 hemimandíbulas) de cadáver fresco, la mitad de ellas dentadas, a las cuales se les realizaron una CBTC y un procedimiento quirúrgico de lateralización del nervio dentario inferior con el objetivo de medir el grosor de la tabla vestibular y el grosor del conducto mandibular o dentario inferior (CDI) a los 5, 15 y 25 mm de la parte más posterior del agujero mentoniano. Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos por nuestro estudio indican que el CBTC, siendo el mejor método diagnóstico disponible en la actualidad, aún presenta diferencias respecto a la realidad. Esta discrepancia es de 1,15 mm de media con relación al grosor de la tabla ósea vestibular que lo recubre y de 0,3 m de media con relación al grosor del CDI. Discusión: Conocer y valorar estas discrepancias es importante dada la multitud de procedimientos quirúrgicos que se pueden realizar en esta zona, y la vecindad con el nervio dentario inferior.

O camarão-barba-ruça (Artemesia longinaris) e o camarão-santana (Pleoticus muelleri) são espécies que sustentam uma pescaria responsável por elevadas capturas das frotas de camaroeiros no sul do Brasil. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a variabilidade da abundância das duas espécies à variação dos dados de DPUEs da frota de arrasteiros em operação entre 1998 e 2005, por meio do ajuste de Modelos Lineares Generalizados (MLG). As principais variações de abundância das duas espécies estão relacionadas aos ciclos anuais e a temporada de pesca. As áreas rasas ao sul do Rio Grande do Sul proporcionaram maiores rendimentos. Não foram observadas tendências de aumento ou declínio na abundância do estoque, mas o esforço de um determinado ano é condicionado pelo sucesso das capturas do ano anterior. Nos dois últimos anos analisados a abundância e as capturas totais foram reduzidas.

The Argentine stiletto shrimp (Artemesia longinaris) and the Argentine red shrimp (Pleoticus muelleri) currently sustain an important fishery in terms of tonnage and revenues in southern Brazil. This study analyzed the factors affecting the abundance of both species through the application of Generalized Linear Models to landing-per-unit-of-effort (LPUE) data of the trawl fleet operating on the main fishing grounds between 1998 and 2005. The main patterns of LPUE variability of both species were attributed do the effect of seasons and annual cycles. Larger yields were obtained in the southern shallow areas of Rio Grande do Sul State. No tendency either to an increase or a decline in stock abundance was observed, but the effort in one year was affected by the success of the captures of the previous year. In the last two years analyzed the abundance and the total captures declined.

O presente ensaio resulta da apresentação do tema Metodologias de análise de implementação de políticas públicas, no I Seminário Regional de Psicologia e Políticas Públicas, realizado pelo Conselho Regional do Rio de Janeiro, e visa a aprofundar a interlocução da Psicologia com a construção das políticas sociais a partir de uma revisão teórica sobre o campo de análise de implementação de políticas públicas. Apoiando-se na constatação do crescente interesse e da participação da Psicologia no campo das políticas públicas, discute-se o padrão de intervenção do Estado dentro do processo histórico de consolidação do sistema de proteção social no Brasil.

This paper is based on the presentation “The methodologies for public policy implementation analysis “ in the I Psychology and Public Policy Regional Seminar conducted by the Rio de Janeiro Regional Council, and it seeks to deepen the dialogue of psychology with the construction of social policies, presenting a theoretical analysis on the field of public policy implementation. From the increasing interest and psychological involvement in public policies, the paper discusses the state intervention pattern in the historical social protection consolidation process in Brazil.

El presente ensayo resulta de la presentación del tema “Metodologías de análisis de implementación de políticas públicas”, en el I Seminario Regional de Psicología y Políticas Públicas, realizado por el Consejo Regional de Rio de Janeiro, y tiene la intención de profundizar la interlocución de la Psicología con la construcción de las políticas sociales, a partir de una revisión teórica sobre el campo de análisis de implementación de políticas públicas. Apoyándose en la constatación del creciente interés y de la participación de la Psicología, en el campo de las políticas públicas, se discute el estándar de intervención del Estado dentro del proceso histórico de consolidación del sistema de protección social en el Brasil.

A variabilidade morfológica e morfométrica do pequeno loliginídeo costeiro Lolliguncula brevis foi avaliada ao longo da maior parte de sua amplitude latitudinal no hemisfério sul, ao longo da costa brasileira (8º S - 27º S). Uma homogeneidade na forma foi observada em toda sua área de ocorrência. Em termos de proporções corporais, não foram observados gradientes latitudinais evidentes, mas alguns "morfotipos" locais puderam ser distinguidos. O tamanho e as formas características, incluindo a presença de ventosas na membrana bucal, hectocótilo cerca de 20-40% maior do que o braço oposto ventral e a distinta morfologia da massa dos ovos sugerem que Lolliguncula ocorrentes no hemisférios norte e sul devam pertencer a táxons diferentes.

Morphological and morphometric variability of the small-sized coastal squid Lolliguncula brevis was assessed along the largest part of its latitudinal range in the southern hemisphere, off the Brazilian coast (8º S - 27º S). A general homogeneity in form was found throughout the entire latitudinal range. In terms of body proportions, no latitudinal gradients were evident, but a few local "morphotypes" could be distinguished. The distinctive egg mass morphology, and size and form features, including a hectocotylus 20-40% longer than the opposing ventral arm and the presence of suckers on the buccal membrane, indicated that Lolliguncula from northern and southern hemispheres might comprise two different taxa.

Partindo do pressuposto de que ainda continua valendo a distinção das fases da policy (agenda, formulação, implementação e avaliação), este texto apresenta a evolução da reflexão acadêmica e ressalta a relevância dos estudos sobre implementação ainda hoje, assim como traz alguns resultados de pesquisa como uma contribuição para o debate sobre questões metodológicas na avaliação de processo de implementação, como uma subárea específica da pesquisa de avaliação de política, e para o estudo das políticas educacionais. Serão recuperadas as mudanças e oportunidades do campo da implementação de política educacional como um campo de pesquisa prática, com base na reflexão sobre a literatura produzida e as metodologias empregadas nas pesquisas sobre educação, que se tornou, nos últimos vinte anos, uma arena de acirrados conflitos e interesses com uma política de grandes orçamentos, além de relacionar-se com as múltiplas dimensões do Estado de bem-estar social.

Assuming that it is still valid to distinguish policy into phases (agenda, formulation, implementation and evaluation), this text presents the evolution of the academic reflection and highlights the relevance of studying implementation today. It also brings forth some research results as a contribution to the debate on methodological issues in the assessment of the implementation process, as a specific subarea of the research on policy assessment for the study of educational policies. Based on a reflection on the literature produced and on the methodology employed in research on education, it retrieves the changes and opportunities in the field of the implementation of educational policy as a field of practical research, which, these last twenty years, has become an arena of fierce conflicts and of interests, because of a large budget policy. It also approaches the multiple dimensions of welfare state.

Este artigo analisa a emergência e o desenvolvimento das políticas sociais de atendimento infanto-juvenil concomitante ao processo de desenvolvimento do sistema de proteção social nacional, focalizando algumas das principais representações atribuídas à infância, de acordo com o período histórico e político de cada época. Busca-se apresentar a noção de infância instituída sob a constituição do aparato do Estado de Bem-Estar brasileiro, de forma a situá-la em um contexto mais amplo de transformações históricas e políticas que envolveram a emergência e consolidação das políticas sociais destinadas ao atendimento à criança e ao adolescente no Brasil ao longo do século XX e início do século XXI.

This article analyses the emergence and development of social policies for children and adolescents attendance that are in line with the development process of the Brazilian social protection system, focusing on some of the main representations attributed to childhood, according to the historical and political periods. It seeks to present the notion of childhood instituted under the constitution of the Brazilian welfare state, in such a way as to place it within the broader context of the historical and political transformations that involved the emergence and consolidation of the social policies directed towards children and adolescents in Brazil in the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st.